Greece
Greece is located in Southern Europe. It is called an industrial-agrarian state. There are many ancient monuments and urban ruins in the country. It is the birthplace of masterpieces of world culture and the cradle of democracy. The Acropolis of Athens, Olympia, and Sparta are located here. The population is over 10 million people. The official language is Greek. There is freedom of religion, but the majority adheres to Orthodoxy.
Tourists come to Greece every year as part of pilgrimage tours, gastronomic festivals, and shopping trips. Here you can have a great vacation and broaden your horizons. The country has a rich history and culture, and has luxurious beaches. There are sights almost at every turn.
Athens has been the capital of Greece since the country's independence was recognized. The city was named after the ancient Greek goddess of wisdom and military strategy. Western civilization originated here, Athens has a rich historical past. This city is home to the 156-meter rocky Acropolis hill, towering over the Attica plain and the modern city. This is one of the wonders of the world according to UNESCO.
Niki Apteros Temple deserves special attention. It was built by architect Kallikrates in 421 BC. According to legend, Aegeus was waiting for his son Theseus in this place, who went to fight the Minotaur. The building was destroyed by the Turks, but after that the temple was restored several times.
Rhodes is famous for the endless beaches of the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas. The coastline is 220 kilometers. There are deserted wild beaches, and there are well-maintained places to relax. Even the most demanding travelers will be able to find a suitable option for themselves.
In Thebes, you can visit the Archaeological Museum. The exhibits are collections of artifacts: engraved tablets with linear writing, clay sarcophagi and sets of Mesopotamian seals.
Greece occupies almost 132 thousand square kilometers. The most favorable time to travel to the country is May and all summer months, early autumn.
History
Greece has a unique historical and cultural heritage. The Greeks call the country Hellas. She gave the world Homer, Pythagoras, Plato and many world famous personalities. There is a statement: "Wherever you are in Greece, you will inevitably get acquainted with interesting monuments and original traditions."
It was in this state that democracy originated, which is followed by many countries of the world. In Ancient Greece, all adult citizens participated in the discussion of public affairs. The foundations laid down in antiquity have been preserved in modern society today. It is believed that the first people appeared on the territory of Greece 10 thousand years ago. Many monuments of the Minoan and other civilizations have been preserved to this day.
Historians have come to the conclusion that 1000 years before the beginning of the era, mass migrations of peoples came to the Aegean Sea. The Greeks founded the first cities, conquered lands and developed trade and economic ties. The first Olympic Games were held in this country.
Athens imposed tribute on its allies, and Greece's influence increased rapidly. Sparta has won many wars. Even those who have never been to Greece know about the courage and resilience of the Spartan people. During the period of civil strife, Philip of Macedon had more influence. His son Alexander continued his business and perpetuated his name forever. He created an entire empire, and they began to call him Alexander the Great. Many books have been written about him and many films have been shot.
The Kingdom of Greece appeared on the world map in 1832. However, the state has been ruled by foreign rulers for a long time. In 1924, the Hellenic Republic was proclaimed. The 20th century was a difficult period. There were occupations, wars and civil unrest. Stability appeared only in the 80s. The country joined the European Union. Around this period, tourism began to actively develop. Millions of tourists from all over the world come here every year. A boom in tourism was recorded in 2018. By the end of this year, 33 million foreign visitors visited Greece.
Climate
The Greek climate is divided into 3 types: Mediterranean, Alpine and temperate. The climate is generally mild. Greece often has sunny and warm weather, with little rain.
The beach season starts in mid-May and lasts until November. The summer is hot, but the heat is not difficult to bear. The average temperature of this season is about +30°C. Humidity reaches 55°%. It is not cold in winter, the temperature is often kept at +10 ° C, humidity is 75%. In January and February, the temperature does not rise above +15°C. Swimming in the sea in winter is not worth it, at this time it is better to relax in SPA centers, thermal pools or go shopping. In winter, travel agencies in different countries offer big discounts on travel to Greece.
In spring, the air is warmed up to + 20 °C. Daylight hours at this time of the year last more than 13 hours, and you can spend a lot of time outdoors. But the sea is still cold in March and April. In May, you can already swim in the sea. It attracts many tourists. The main influx of tourists occurs during the summer months.
Nature and Wildlife
Greece consists of a mainland and an island part. The coastline is indented by bays and coves. Approximately 80% of the country is occupied by mountains and plateaus. Plains make up a fifth of the land. Olympus is considered to be the highest point with a height of more than 2,915 meters. The second largest mountain range is Smolikas with a height of 2,637 meters.
The flora is represented in a wide variety. There is really a lot of vegetation in Greece. There are more than 5,000 plants, of which 250 species are concentrated in Cyprus. There are wild flowers. The most common shrubs are frigan and maquis. The peninsula of Halkidiki is covered with pine forests. Junipers, cypresses, fruit trees, and palm trees are common in Greece. There are oaks, pine needles and chestnuts. There are many herbs and flowers in the Greek mountains. Crete and the Peloponnese are covered with thyme, sage and irises. In spring, they resemble a picturesque carpet. During their flowering, the air becomes cleaner.
But the most valuable tree in Greece is the olive. It is a symbol of prosperity. There is a legend that Athena planted it in the Acropolis as a sign of the blessing of the Greeks. The researchers write that the tree was first introduced by the Phoenicians, and it stuck. Olives are added to many dishes and salads. Sycamore is recognized as the second most popular tree. It is called an invariable attribute of Greek villages. The plane tree can reach up to 50 meters in height and up to 20 meters in diameter.
The fauna is not rich. Greece is home to hare, badger, porcupine, turtle, various types of snakes and lizards. In addition to them, foxes, lynxes, wild boars and bears can be found on the territory of the state in Southern Europe. Birds are represented in 442 species, including swans, geese, ducks, grouse and grouse.
The Greeks take advantage of their nature and protect the flora and fauna, and require appropriate treatment from guests. There are several programs at the state level aimed at protecting the environment, so Greece, unlike other countries, has a low level of environmental danger. Even in large cities, air pollution levels are not critical.
Geography
Greece is based on the Balkan Peninsula and consists of 7 decentralized administrations with 13 regions and 325 municipalities. It has the most winding coastline, which in total covers almost 14 thousand kilometers. It is washed by the waters of the Aegean, Ionian, Mediterranean, and Libyan seas. It occupies the eastern part of the Mediterranean basin. The closest neighbors are Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria and Turkey. Greece maintains good relations with all countries and does not conflict. 20% of the state is located on islands.
Greece has one of the most advantageous geographical locations. Its uniqueness lies primarily in the fact that it is located at the junction of Europe, Asia and Africa. For this, it is called the crossroads of 3 continents. The navel of the earth is located in Delphi. This is the name of the middle of the world in the cosmological concept. You can get to Greece by plane, bus, ferry or private transport. The currency is the euro, and no other currency is quoted.
Cuisine
The Greek cuisine is satisfying. Locals are proud of the peculiarities of the national cuisine and compare the dishes with a work of art. They don't like fast food and add a lot of greens to their food, using lemon juice instead of salt.
Souvlaki and moussaka kebabs can be ordered at each restaurant. The world-famous Greek salad with olives and lettuce leaves is actually called "horyatiki" or "rustic". A flatbread stuffed with vegetables and meat is served as a quick snack in public establishments.
Snail escargot is a popular dish, and beef with tomatoes is also available in the country. Swordfish kebabs and eggplant with octopus are often ordered. White wine is called retsinu, pineapple vodka is called ouzo.
The most popular restaurants are Electra Restaurant, which overlooks the Acropolis, Milos Estiatorio, which is famous for the fact that all dishes consist of the best ingredients, Spondi, awarded 3 Michelin stars. When ordering, keep in mind that the portions of dishes are generous, and they do not leave restaurants hungry. Before the main dishes are served, the waiters bring freshly baked bread and olive oil.
Tips for Tourists
The sun is almost always shining in Greece. Do not forget sunglasses before going outside. There are many beaches open, and it can be hot in summer, but this is not a reason to move around the country in swimsuits. The locals don't like it very much, they look with disgust at travelers in bathing clothes.
If travelers want to visit temples, they will be welcome regardless of religion. The only condition is respect for the feelings of believers. Women should wear a skirt or dress below the knee, while men should wear trousers.
If one of the locals offers for dinner, you should not refuse. If the time is inconvenient, you can reschedule, otherwise the Greeks may be offended and it is unlikely that they will be able to make friends in the future. It is also worth paying attention to the prices on the shop windows in the cafe. Takeaways can cost more than a meal at an institution, so it's better to check the price in advance. Tips will not be deducted from the card without the wish of the visitors. If desired, you can leave an amount of up to 5% of the cost of orders.
Housing Rental
Right-hand traffic in Greece. The car rental service is very popular. You can rent a car for every taste and budget. Most bookings are free. There are several prerequisites for becoming a customer of a carsharing company. You need an international driver's license and it is important to have a driving record. In some organizations, you can rent a car from the age of 21, in other companies ‒ only from the age of 25. You can rent a car with a driver. He is well-versed in Greece and can recommend interesting sights.
The road network in Greece has improved several times in recent years. In the city, the speed limit is considered to be 50 kilometers per hour, and on highways ‒ 80 kilometers per hour. On the motorway, you can accelerate up to 120 kilometers per hour. If there are unlit sections of the road, you need to be more careful, as a herd of animals may cross the road. Traffic jams are also among the inconveniences. Athens has the most traffic jams.
Visa
Greece is part of the Schengen area, so you need a visa and medical insurance to cross the border. Customs regulations are prescribed in European laws, but Greece has the right to tighten measures. Dairy products, desserts with cottage cheese, meat, narcotic and psychotropic substances, weapons, metal detectors, porn products and extremist materials are not allowed on the trip. In addition, crocodile skin products are not allowed.
The amount of 10 thousand euros and above is subject to mandatory declaration. In case of refusal, the customs has the right to confiscate the funds. It is forbidden to import more than 2,000 euros in cash. But this rule does not apply to tourists, it applies to residents of Greece who have the citizenship of the country.
It is allowed to carry baby food, chocolate, pastries without cottage cheese, 1 liter of strong alcoholic drink or 2 liters of low-alcohol drink, 10 packs of cigarettes or 50 cigars. Shoes, clothes, personal hygiene items, a smartphone and a laptop or tablet computer, and a camera are imported duty-free.
Holidays
There are many bright events in the Greek calendar. The main holidays include New Year's Eve, celebrated on January 1, Epiphany (January 6), Independence Day (March 25), Labor Day (May 1). There are also holidays without an exact date. They are set annually. For example, the Carnival of Apocrypha takes place at different times. Lavish feasts and folk festivals are held at this time. Housewives color eggs in advance and make Easter plaits. People are having fun. But it is strictly forbidden to swear. An effigy of Judas is burned in the center. The next day, it is customary to eat a soup of mutton giblets and colored eggs.
On the first day of Great Lent, Clean Monday is celebrated. It is officially declared a day off. Christians cleanse the soul of sins. They pray a lot. You can eat lean dishes, vegetables, seafood, wine. The Greeks fly kites to mark the arrival of spring. Children are especially happy about this tradition.
Labor Day is celebrated on May 1, and a large-scale flower and May Day wreath festival is taking place. In the morning there is a parade, and in the afternoon everyone gathers in nature for a picnic and to pick flowers. Wreaths are made from vines, various flowers, ears of wheat and garlic. This is a great opportunity to have a picnic and spend time outdoors with family and friends.
Shops are closed on many holidays, so it's better to buy groceries in advance. This advice is especially useful before Christmas and New Year.
Shopping
Greece is one of the best places for shopping. The sales season, where the maximum discounts are 80%, begins in mid-January and ends in February. The second season runs from July to August. Shopping malls offer off-season discounts of up to 40% of the original cost. There is an unspoken rule: the further away the outlet is from the center, the cheaper the prices will be. You can update your wardrobe inexpensively. It is worth paying attention to fur coats. There are several fur factories in the country. Fur coats are of high quality and inexpensive. Antique and vintage items can be bought at numerous flea markets.
Olives are the main Greek souvenir. They are used to make soap, pate and butter. Sweets are in second place in terms of the number of purchases from travel. Nougat, lukum and honey are often bought in Greece. Tourists take ouzo, raki, kumquat liqueur or fridge magnets with them to remember the trip.
Handmade sandals occupy a special place in shopping. The craftsmen take measurements and make shoes out of leather exactly according to the foot. In addition, you can pay attention to linen clothes with national patterns. Believers buy consecrated icons.
The Tax Free system works, within which you can partially refund the cost of purchases. But the product must cost at least 120 euros. It must be purchased at a point of sale connected to this system. You can check this information with the seller, but usually you can see the corresponding sign on the shop windows when entering the store.
Entertainment
In terms of the number of attractions, Greece is among the top ten countries in the world. You can create a cultural program based on any individual preferences. Greece is famous for its historical monuments, picturesque islands, magnificent beaches, and amazing excursions. There are museums in every city, you can travel back to past eras and see how people used to live in Greece.
Athens is called the museum capital, because at every step you can find traces of history. The ruins of Delphi are concentrated in the central part of the country, you can go to Greece as part of pilgrimage tours and visit monasteries.
All conditions have been created for outdoor enthusiasts. You can go water skiing and water biking, banana boats and yachts, and go fishing. Horseback riding is also popular. Before getting into the saddle, a briefing is conducted. The routes pass through picturesque landscapes. And you can drive through small mountain villages on a jeep safari. This vehicle will travel off-road, you can see gorges, olive plantations and wild mountain ranges.
There are many theaters in Greece. Watching the performances will allow you to touch the national traditions. The Dionysus Theater in Athens is considered the birthplace of Greek tragedy. It can accommodate up to 17,000 spectators at a time. The National Theatre of Northern Greece is located in Thessaloniki. It is called the first theater in the country to create a diverse repertoire.
The Butterfly Valley has been discovered in Rhodes, which is a unique nature reserve. This is a narrow park along the gorge, where thousands of butterflies fly. Romantic people will like this sight. A marine reserve was opened in Zakynthos in 1999. It is also called turtle Island because it has become home to giant turtles.
Hotels
There is a large choice of housing in Greece. You can check into economy class hotels, inexpensive apartments or world-class chain hotels. Many hotels operate on an all-inclusive basis. The service in hotel complexes and guest houses is at a high level.
In addition to the classification by the number of stars, there is also a letter system. For example, L hotels mean that they are luxury hotels where every guest feels as if they are the only guest. The letter C corresponds to three stars. E-class hotels are 1-2 stars, the service here is also good, but you may encounter a shortage of rooms. There is a lot of excitement during the holidays, so it is better to book accommodation in advance.
Hospitality is inherent in the Greek mentality. If you don't like living in hotels, you can rent an apartment or a small house in the suburbs. Hostels are not in demand, but this is the cheapest overnight stay. You can stay in monasteries, but they have strict rules, for example, you can not stay overnight with a companion of the opposite sex. It doesn't meet the standards of decency, and there's no point arguing about it.