The Historic Centre of Arequipa is an architectural treasure in southern Peru, famous for white volcanic-stone buildings, colonial churches, and picturesque squares. The city lies beneath the volcanoes El Misti, Chachani, and Pichu Pichu. Its distinctive pale sillar stone has earned Arequipa the nickname White City. In 2000, its historic centre was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.
History and architecture
Arequipa was founded by the Spanish on 15 August 1540 and later became an important administrative, commercial, and religious centre in southern Peru. Its architecture combines Spanish colonial styles with local construction traditions. Following repeated earthquakes, many buildings were reconstructed with thick walls, vaulted ceilings, and robust stonework.
Plaza de Armas and the cathedral
The city's main square is surrounded by arcades, historic buildings, and cafés. Arequipa Cathedral, one of the city's most recognisable landmarks, dominates one side of the square. Plaza de Armas is an ideal starting point for exploring the old streets.
Santa Catalina Monastery
Founded in 1579, Santa Catalina Monastery is one of Peru's best-known examples of colonial architecture. Its extensive complex contains narrow lanes, courtyards, chapels, and former living quarters. Vivid red and blue walls contrast with the pale volcanic stone.
Museums and cultural heritage
The historic centre preserves old mansions with carved stone doorways, churches, and museums. The Museum of Andean Sanctuaries is known for the mummy of Juanita, a young woman from the Inca period discovered on Mount Ampato. Arequipa's regional cuisine is another highlight, with traditional dishes such as rocoto relleno and adobo.
Visiting Arequipa
Highlights include Plaza de Armas, the cathedral, Santa Catalina Monastery, and the Church of the Society of Jesus. The dry season, generally from April to November, is well suited to walking tours. Today, the Historic Centre of Arequipa remains a living urban district where colonial heritage meets modern daily life.
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